Confucius: Books 4-6

In book 4 Confucius talks a lot about goodness. A lot of the things he says pretty much are modern day lessons which people apply or at least try to. Don't look for something when being good, let it come from inside and what not.
I don't understand what it takes to be good in Confucius' eyes. He doesn't really say that any one is good, yet I think they are. What do people have to do to cross that line?
I liked a part of Book 5 when Confucius realizes that it will do no good to reprimand Zigong for napping. He says that even if he punishes him, it will cause nothing. He learned that you first have to talk and listen and then criticize. I wish my parents did that sometimes.